What Are A2L Refrigerants?

A2L refrigerants are the next generation of cooling agents, and the future of commercial refrigeration. But what exactly does “A2L” mean?

It’s a classification used by ASHRAE to describe refrigerants with low toxicity (that’s the “A”) and low flammability (the “2L”). While they’re not entirely non-flammable like older HFCs such as R404A, A2Ls have a very low burning velocity, making them safe to use when handled correctly and within code.

Why the change? Because traditional refrigerants, despite their reliability, have a high Global Warming Potential (GWP). A2Ls offer a dramatic reduction in environmental impact without sacrificing cooling performance.

To adhere to this compliance, Thermo-Kool has selected R454A as our standard A2L refrigerant. It strikes the right balance between safety, performance, and sustainability, making it ideal for use in our commercial walk-in coolers and freezers.

Understanding Cost & ROI

• Upfront Costs: Expect a 15–40% increase compared to traditional HFC systems due to added safety components like leak detection, ventilation, and A2L-rated parts.

• Long-Term Savings: Many A2L systems offer 5–10% greater energy efficiency, which can lead to lower utility bills over time.

• Rebate Potential: Some regions offer incentives or utility rebates for installing energy-efficient, low-GWP systems. Check with your provider.

• Future-Proofing: Investing now helps avoid compliance issues, fines, or rushed replacements down the road.

What Makes A2L Systems Different?

Switching to A2L refrigerants changes how the entire system is designed and built.

Because A2Ls are mildly flammable, they require additional safety features that weren’t necessary with older, nonflammable refrigerants like R404A. These aren’t optional add-ons. They’re required to meet ASHRAE and UL safety standards.

For example, systems must include leak detection sensors that can automatically trigger ventilation systems to prevent refrigerant buildup in the event of a leak. All electrical components, such as relays, contactors, and controllers, must be A2L-rated to avoid creating ignition risks. In some commercial settings, systems may also require isolation valves or even fire suppression measures depending on the installation environment.

These added layers of protection mean A2L systems are more complex, and in some cases, more expensive, than traditional refrigeration units. But they’re also smarter, safer, and significantly better for the planet.